Burma (Myanmar)
The history of this country dates back to the early 11th century when King Anawratha unified the country and formed the First Empire in Bagan more than twenty years before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. King Bayinnaung founded the Second Empire in the mid 16th century. King Alaungpaya founded the last Dynasty in 1752.
Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years (1824-86) and incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; the Japanese occupied the country from 1942 until 1945. Independence outside of the Commonwealth was attained in 1948. Burma is one of the poorest and least visited countries in the world. The capital, Rangoon (Yangon), in the south, is the main gateway for travelers who come to see magnificent and ancient Buddhist temples as well as the sights of Bagan (Pagan), Inle Lake, Golden Rock, and Mandalay. The world famous Shwedagon Pagoda is in Rangoon.
Burma borders Laos, China, India, Thailand, and Bangladesh, and its coastline defines the eastern shore of the Bay of Bengal. Southern Burma consists largely of the western slopes of the Bilauktaung Range, which constitutes the northern base of the Malay Peninsula. Northern Burma, which comprises the great bulk of the country's area, consists largely of the broad river valley of the Irrawaddy. Originating high up in the very eastern extremity of the Himalayas, the Irrawaddy rushes down through great mountain gorges in northern Burma before spreading out into one of the largest river deltas in Asia. Both of Burma's principal cities, Rangoon and Mandalay, are situated along the Irrawaddy, and the 1,000 mi (1,600 km) river is navigable for almost two thirds of its length. The Irrawaddy valley is surrounded by a great horseshoe of mountain ranges, which rise in the east to the highlands of the Shan Plateau. The vast majority of Burma's people live in the lowland regions of this river valley, in the Irrawaddy basin. This fertile expanse, which sits within the tropical monsoon belt, is one of the world's great rice-growing regions. Burma's population includes dozens of different racial and ethnic groups, including the Mons, Burmans, Kachins, Chins, Shans, Rakhines, and Karens, each of which have historically dominated a particular area of the country. Although Burmese is the major and official language, more than a hundred local and regional dialects are spoken throughout the country.
09:30 PM PST
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